|
The Salamanca Papers (Catalan: ''Papers de Salamanca'') refer to the 300,000 documents and 1,000 photographs〔 confiscated from the Catalan government after the Spanish Civil War and transported in 12 railway freight wagons〔((Chronology) "Los 'papeles de Salamanca': del franquismo a la actualidad" ''El Mundo'' ) Retrieved 2009-08-27〕 to the city of Salamanca to be stored in what was later to become Spain's Civil War Archive (''Archivo General de la Guerra Civil Española''). The return of the documentation to the Catalan autonomous government was subject to much polemic in the 1990s and early 2000s,〔("European press review " BBC News ) Retrieved 2009-08-27〕 as well as numerous acts of violence at the moment of their physical transfer.〔("Spain war archives to be returned" BBC News ) Retrieved 2009-08-27〕 The ad hoc committee of experts declared in 2004 that the documents should be returned to their legitimate owners.〔("El Comité de Expertos considera 'justo y legítimo' devolver el Archivo de Salamanca a Cataluña" ''El Mundo'' December 24, 2004 ) Retrieved 2009-08-27〕 The documents were finally transferred in 2005. == Background== The origins of the Civil War Archive date back to the decree which, on September 13, 1936, established that "all properties and documents belonging to the political parties and organizations mentioned, as well as any other that opposed the ''movimiento nacional'' were to become the property of the State."〔«cuantos bienes muebles, inmuebles, efectos y documentos pertenecieren a los referidos partidos políticos o agrupaciones, así como a cuantas organizaciones han tomado parte en la oposición hecha a las fuerzas que cooperan al movimiento nacional, pasando todo ello a la propiedad del Estado».〕 The original decree was supplemented by successive decrees, such as that of April 20, 1937, which set up a counter-propaganda unit, the ''Oficina de Investigación y Propaganda Anticomunista'' (OIPA), and of May 29, 1937, which created the Delegación Nacional de Asuntos Especiales, charged with "recompiling documentation regarding sects operating in the country... in order to set up an Archive with which to establish, uncover and sanction the enemies of the Patria."〔«...cuanta documentación relacionada con las sectas y sus actividades en España, estuviese en poder de particulares, autoridades y organismos oficiales, guardándola cuidadosamente en lugar alejado de todo peligro, y en el que pudiera ordenarse y clasificarse para constituir un Archivo que nos permitiera conocer, desenmascarar y sancionar a los enemigos de la Patria».〕 The systematic recompilation of documents commenced with the fall of Bilbao, and in 1938 Serrano Súñer as Minister of the Interior, set up the ''Delegación del Estado para Recuperación de Documentos'' which started preparing documentation with which to prepare trials at military courts. On the other hand, the ''Delegación de Servicios Especiales'', which reported to General Franco's Private Office, was located at Salamanca, the city Franco had established as his headquarters. In 1944, given the overlapping functions of the two bodies, they were brought together under the ''Delegación Nacional de Servicios Documentales'', belonging to the ''Presidencia del Gobierno''. Their function was specifically, to draw up dossiers to be used at the numerous courts set up under the regime: courts martial in general; the ''Tribunales de Responsabilidades Políticas''; the ''Tribunales de Depuración de Funcionarios'' and the ''Tribunal Especial para la Represión de la Masonería y el Comunismo''. With the death of Franco, the dictatorship's Document Services was suppressed by the Royal Decree 276/1977〔(Real Decreto 2761/1977, de 28 de octubre, por el que se reorganiza la Presidencia del Gobierno ).〕 and in 1979 the collection was transferred to the newly created Ministry of Culture〔(Orden de 7 de mayo de 1979 por la que se dispone se adscriba al Archivo Historico Nacional los fondos documentales de la extinguida Seccion de Servicios Documentales, formando en el mismo una division independiente. )〕 whose National Historic Archive set up a dedicated department. The ''Archivo General de la Guerra Civil Española'', housed at Salamanca, was formally constituted in 1999.〔(Real Decreto 426/1999, de 12 de marzo, de creación del Archivo General de la Guerra Civil Española )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Salamanca Papers」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|